Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow Laws were state and local laws enforcing segregation
The Reconstruction Era
During the Reconstruction era from 1865-1877, f
Civil War of the United States of America
The American Civil War, also referred to as the W
Roberts v. Boston
Roberts v.
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
The Fugitive Slave Act was passed by the United States Congress in Septe
Elizabeth Blackwell Becomes the First Woman to Gain a Medical Degree in the United States
Elizabeth Blackwell earned her medical
David Jones Peck, MD Becomes the First African American Physician Trained in the United States
John Peck was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He studied medicine under Dr. Joseph P. Gaszam in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and graduated from Rush Medical College in Chicago. He established his practice in Pennsylvania in 1849.
James McCune Smith, MD Becomes the First African American Physician
James McCune Smith was born into slavery in 1813 in New York City.
The Three-Fifths Compromise
The Three-Fifths Compromise was reached among state delegates during the 1787 Constitutional Convention. It determined that three out of every five slaves were counted when determining a state’s total population for legislative representation and taxation. Before the Civil War, the Three-Fifths Compromise gave a disproportionate representation of slave states in the House of Representatives.
The End of Slavery in Massachusetts
After the American Revolution, Massachusetts abolished slavery, but there is